Simple Light Detector Circuit Diagram

This is the Simple Light Detector Circuit Diagram. Variable resistor R1 adjusts the light threshold at which the circuit triggers. R1's value is chosen to match the photocells resistance at darkness. The circuit uses a CMOS 4001 IC. Gate U1a acts as the trigger, U1b and c form a latch. S1 resets the circuit. The output device may be a low power piezo buzzer.

 Simple Light Detector Circuit Diagram

 

Author:   Mick Devine, UK

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Automotive Turn Flasher with lamp output Detection

Here is a circuit of a flasher which I designed for automotive use. It has a built-in function of lamp-outage detection. In normal operation, it will flash at about 1.4Hz and when a lamp goes bad, the flash-rate is doubled. The flashers faster clicking sound and the dashboard indicators faster flashing attracts the drivers attention that one of the bulbs has gone out.

 Automotive Turn Flasher with lamp  output Detection

Notes
The circuit consists of two parts - the flashing unit and the lamp outage detection module. The flashing unit is built around 555 timer configured as an astable multivibrator. The resistors R12/R13 and capacitors C3/C4 sets the required frequency. Note that C3 is connected in parallel to C4 through BC547 an NPN transistor, acting as a switch. When there is positive voltage at the base of the transistor, it conducts and connects C3 to ground. C3 & C4 in parallel doubles the capacitance value i.e. 220nF + 220nF = 440nF. This capacitance value together with R12 and R13 result in frequency of about 1.4Hz.

In the lamp outage detection module, a shunt resistor (a thick wire) with a calculated minor resistance (30mΩ) is the key to detect the lamp outage. The voltage to lamps is fed thru this shunt. Hence, the shunt is connected in series to the network of the bulbs which are connected in parallel. The inverting input of the comparator U1 is also connected to the shunt. The non-inverting input is connected to a potential divider providing a reference voltage of 11.90V

NORMAL OPERATION:
Square wave between 11.89V - 12.0V at (-)ve input of U1
11.90V (reference voltage) at (+)ve input of U1

The comparator U1 compares these voltages and the output is a square wave between 0-12V. This output is rectified through diode D1 and filtered through capacitor C1. Now, we have a triangular wave form which is fed into another comparator U2.

1V (reference voltage) at the (-)ve input of U2 and
a triangular wave between 7V - 8V at (+)ve input of U2
OPERATION WITH A DEFECTIVE LAMP: OPERATION WITH A DEFECTIVE LAMP:
When a bulb is defective, there is an increase in the resistance of the bulb network hence the voltage drop across the shunt is changed. So, in this case we would have:

Square wave between 11.95V - 12.0V at (-)ve input of U1
11.90V (reference voltage) at (+)ve input of U1

The comparator U1 compares them and the output is almost zero volts. After the diode and the filter network, we finally have a few millivolts at the +input of U2 which is compared with the reference voltage, 1V. This results in low output of U2 which ultimately switches off the NPN and hence C3 is disconnected from the ground.

Now, the timing network of 555 has only C4 to work with, therefore the frequency of the oscillation is doubled. This causes the remaining bulbs to flash at doubled rate.

NOTE:
A single quad op-amp IC LM324 could also be used for building this circuit. Two of the op-amps to be used as comparators in place of U1 & U2. Another op-amp can be configured as astable oscillator in place of 555 to flash the bulbs. This astable oscillator will have two timing capacitors as used above with 555.

Sourced By : Zen Author:  Abu-Hafss, Pakistan

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LED Detects lightweight Circuit Diagram

This is the simple LED Detects lightweight Circuit Diagram.  All LEDs offer off lightweight of a specific color however some LEDs also are able to detect lightweight. clearly they're not nearly as good as a tool that has been specially created to detect light; like solar cell, photocell, photo resistor, lightweight dependent resistor, photo transistor, photo diode and different photo sensitive devices.

A inexperienced LED can detect lightweight and a high-bright red LED can respond about a hundred times higher than a inexperienced LED, however the LED during this position in the circuit is classed as terribly high impedance and it needs a considerable quantity of amplification to show the detection into a worthwhile current-source. All different LEDs respond terribly poorly and aren't price making an attempt. The accompanying circuit amplifies the output of the LED and permits it to be used for variety of applications.
The LED solely responds when the sunshine enters the tip of the LED and this makes it ideal for solar rackers and any time there's an outsized difference between the dark and light-weight conditions. it'll not detect the light in a very area unless the lamp is incredibly shut.


 LED Detects lightweight Circuit Diagram

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Simple Dancing Flower Circuit Diagram

This circuit was taken from a dancing flower. A motor at the bottom of the flower had a shaft up the stem and when the microphone detected music, the bent shaft created the flower wiggle and move. The circuit can reply to a whistle, music or noise.

Simple Dancing Flower Circuit Diagram

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UV Torch Light Circuit Diagram

UV (ultra-violet) LEDs can produce eye-catching effects when their light is allowed to interfere with certain colours, particularly with reflected light under near-dark conditions. Also try shining some UV light on a diamond.

Most UV LEDs require about 3.6 V (the ‘blue’ diode voltage) to light. Here, a MAX761 step-up switching IC is used to provide constant current to bias the UV diode. The IC employs PWM in high-cur-rent mode and automatically changes to PFM mode in low or medium power mode to save (battery) power. To allow it to be used with two AA cells, the MAX761 is configured in bootstrapped mode with voltage-adjustable feedback. Up to four cells may be used to power the circuit but they may add more weight than you would like for a torchlight. 

To prolong the switch life, R1 is connected to the IC’s SHDN (shutdown) pin. Less than 50 nA will be measured in shutdown mode. Electrolytic capacitor C1 is used to decouple the circuit supply voltage. With-out it, ripple and noise may cause instability. The one inductor in the circuit, L1, may have any value between about 10 and 50 µH. It stores current in its magnetic field while the MOSFET inside the MAX761 is switched. A toroid inductor is preferred in this position as it will guarantee low stray radiation. D1 has to be a relatively fast diode so don’t be tempted to use an 1N400x because it has a too slow recovery time. 

Circuit diagram :

 UV Torch Light Circuit Diagram

The circuit efficiency was measured at about 70%. R2, the resistor on the feed-back pin of the MAX761 effectively determines the amount of constant current, I, sent through the UV LEDs, as follows: R2 = 1.5 / I

where I will be between 2 mA and 35 mA. 

Zener diode D4 clamps the output voltage when the load is disconnected, which may happen when one of the UV LEDs breaks down. Without a load, the MAX761 will switch L1 right up to the boost voltage and so destroy itself.

Author : Myo Min

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Led Flasher with the LM3909 IC Project

The LM3909 is an integrated circuit (IC) which will flash a light-emitting diode (LED). Using only two extra components and a battery, the circuit is cheap and has a very low current drain from a 1.5 V cell.

The circuit can be used as a novelty flasher, an indicator for a dummy alarm bell box, or it could be attached to a torch so that it could be found easily in the dark! The simple circuit

Assembly

The circuit can be built on a small piece of Veroboard (the piece shown in Figure 2 measures 15 holes by 10 strips). Using such a board, follow these instructions.

1. Depending on how far away you want the LED from the circuit board, solder a length of insulated wire to each lead of the LED. Use different colours of insulation – say, red and black, connecting the red lead to the anode (a) lead (the longer one) of the LED, and the black one to the cathode (k). Figure 2 shows these leads.

2. Cut the copper tracks as shown in Figure 2, using a 3 mm (1⁄8 inch) diameter drill, rotated between thumb and forefinger, or use the proper tool. Make absolutely sure that the tracks are completely broken!

3. Fit the IC holder in the correct position, using the cut tracks as guides, and make sure the small notch is facing towards the top of the board. Solder the pins to the copper tracks.

4. Mount the capacitor, positive end to the left, so that the positive lead is soldered to track F, which connects it to pin 2 of the IC; the negative lead is soldered to the right-hand side of track E, this being connected to pin 8 of the IC.

5. Solder on the battery leads, positive to the right, and the extended LED leads, positive downwards.

6. Check the circuit, and hold up the board to a bright light and look carefully for solder bridges between the tracks and pieces of copper swarf which may have escaped your inspection in 2 above! Remove whatever you find.

7. When all seems well, put the IC into the socket, ensuring that the notch or dot on the upper surface of the IC lines up with the notch on the holder. Line up each pin on the IC with the hole below it before pressing gently on the IC with the board supported on a firm surface.

8. Connect the battery; the LED should start to flash. The circuit is complete and working!

If you prefer, the whole circuit (battery included) can be mounted in a small plastic box, with the LED mounted on a clip and protruding through the panel. There are many other possibilities, and it is up to you to find an application for your own use.

Led Flasher with the LM3909 IC Diagram

 

Parts list

LM3909 Integrated circuit

IC socket 8-pin DIL BL17T

LED 5 mm diameter WL27E

100 microfarad (#F) Electrolytic capacitor (10 V) FB48C

Battery holder For AA-size cell YR59P

Battery 1.5 V AA cell

Small piece of Veroboard (15 holes by 10 strips)

Small plastic box (if required)

LED clip (if required)

Two lengths of coloured, insulated wire for LED (as required)

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White line Flower Circuit Diagram

This circuit will be used for a toy automotive to follow a white line. The motor is either a 3v sort with gearing to steer the automotive or a rotary actuator or a servo motor.When equal lightweight is detected by the photo resistors the voltage on the base of the primary transistor are mid rail and the circuit is adjusted via the 2k2 pot that the motor doesn't receive any voltage. When one in all the LDR's receives a lot of (or less) lightweight, the motor is activated. and also the same thing happens when the other LDR receives less or more light.


White line Flower Circuit Diagram

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LED Scanner Circuit Diagram

Here may be a easy LED chaser simulating a scanner through the rear and forth light-weight result. It used high bright White LEDs to grant the chaser result. The circuit uses an oscillator to provide quick pulses and a decade counter to drive the LEDs.

IC1 is intended as an astable multivibrator to grant continuous positive pulses to the last decade counter. Variable resistor VR1, R1 and C1 kind the timing elements. By adjusting VR1, it's attainable to alter the speed of the scanning LEDs.

Output pulses from IC1 are fed to the clock input of the last decade counter IC2. Resistor R2 keeps the clock input of IC2 low once every positive to negative transitions of input pulses. this can be necessary as a result of generally the clock input of the last decade counter stays positive and doesn't settle for input pulses.

LED Scanner Circuit

All the 10 outputs are utilized in the circuit to drive the LEDs. Diodes D1 through D10 (IN 4148) do the trick of forward and backward chasing result. Out of the 10 diodes, eight diodes kind OR gates to direct the outputs of IC2 to LEDs. The remaining 2 diodes maintain the brightness of the 2 ungated LEDs. 1st six outputs of IC2 works within the straight thanks to provide the running result.

The diode connected to the pin five of IC2 is connected to the cathode of the diode from pin ten (5th LED). This reverses the running sequence within the backward direction. Output half-dozen drives the fourth LED and also the method repeats up to the 2nd LED connected to output pin2.The reset pin fifteen and also the Clock inhibit pin thirteen of IC2 are connected to ground so IC2 will run freely.

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LED Flashlight Using Supercapacitor

Bored of joking with capacitors? Then its time for you to maneuver on to super-capacitors. These have huge storage capabilities. during this article you may conclude the way to build atiny low LED flashlight using supercapacitors.

The most disadvantage of capacitors is their giant voltage drop. For this project, a minimum voltage of two volts is needed to light-weight the LED. As a result, the “Joule Thief” style would be incorporated here. Using this, a AA battery is used to light-weight an LED until it's fully discharged.

 during this case, a supercapacitor would be taking the place of the battery. Here an LED is employed to perform the operate of a diode. This ensures that there's sufficient voltage across the LED.

The necessities of the project are listed below:
White LED
Super capacitor (10F, 2.7 V)
Transistor
Torus
1 k ohm resistor
Wires
Breadboard
The torus and therefore the transistor used here comes from an energy-saving lamp HS. Care ought to be taken whereas removing this from the lamp as a breakage may lead to the discharge of the mercury vapors. A lamp load along side a USB port is added to the circuit. This makes it compatible with a computer or a automotive radio.

A couple of precautions got to be taken whereas constructing the circuit. The USB port mustn't be supplied with excess power. The capacitor doesn't stand up to a high voltage and hence a zener diode is connected in parallel to handle the high voltage. The diode protects the capacitor when the voltage exceeds an explicit price.

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Flashing Lights Circuit Diagram

This is a simple flashing lights circuit can be used as beacon. The assembly consists basically of two blinking steps that commands two light bulbs. With the help of P1 you can adjust the flashing frequency between some limits. There are 2 parts for the circuit, the second one works the same way as the other but with the help of a wire bridge or a switch you can choose different operating modes.A bridge between M and 3 means: 2 independent blinks.

Circuit diagram :

Flashing Lights Schematic Circuit Diagram

If there is a bridge between M and 2, then the lamps lights alternatively with a frequency that can be adjusted with P1. And finally there is one more possibility for M and 1, where the lamps blinks at the same time. The flashing lights circuit works with voltages between 3V and 15V. The lamps voltage must be 2/3 of working voltage. R5 and R10 are chosen so that the lamps are about to light.

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LED Workbench Lighting Circuit Diagram

Here is a very useful workbench lighting unit for electronics hobbyists. The portable inspection lamp circuit consists of an on-board voltage regulator and a high-bright 5mm white LED. Any 9 to 18 volt dc rated ac mains adaptor, capable to source about 100 mA of output current can be used to power this portable inspection lamp.

After construction the led workbench light circuit should be enclosed in a suitable plastic bottle cap as illustrated here. The miniature lens shown is an optional component. In the prototype, plastic made lens lifted from a discarded torch was used!

LED workbench lighting lamp circuit schematic

The adjustable 3-pin voltage regulator IC1 (LM317L) in TO-92 pack, is here tuned to supply an output of near 4.5 volt dc. This supply is directly fed to the white LED (D2) through the current limiter resistor R3 (51 Ohm). Diode D1 (1N4001) works as an input polarity protection guard and two small electrolytic capacitors (C1 and C2) connected at the input and output pins of IC1 improves the overall stability of the regulator circuit. Use a standard RCA or EP socket as the input terminal J1.

 

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Simple 3-in-1 Flash Light Project

Want to avoid the problem of carrying three different flashlights to perform a test? Why don’t you try integrating Ultra Violet, Infra Red and visible light together in one flashlight? Read on to know more about this.

The multi-tasking flashlight is basically composed of a metallic case, a switch, cables and connections, four 9V batteries and three different LED heads that provide the desired light beam. For the construction of this flashlight, LedEngin’s LZ4-40 is recommended. This comes with a very wide wavelength that includes infra red and ultra violet light. Distinct visible light color temperature can also be found

The first step is to build the body of the flashlight, using an aluminum tube. Next come the drilling and cutting for switches and covers. Once the body is finished, the work on the constant current driver should be completed, adding the proper terminals for the batteries and the base for the LED heads.

 Once all the power source wiring is completed and insulated with heat shrink tubing, the LED heads are assembled and connected. These are basically composed of an aluminum cap. The LED base and the power source connections come from the batteries.

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Emergency Light Circuit Diagram

This is an automatic emergency lamp with day light sensing, means it senses darkness/night and turns ON automatically. Similarly it senses day light and turns OFF automatically. A simple emergency lamp which does not require any special equipment; even a multimeter to assemble and use. Any individual who can do a good quality soldering must be able to build this circuit successfully.

This can be easily accommodated in the defunct two 6 watt tube National Emergency Lamp or any PL tube type emergency lamp. The difference will be in the working; it will work non stop for more than 8 hours.deep discharge is taken care by the LED characteristic and over charge protection is taken care by the fixed voltage regulator.This uses a simple 3Pin fixed regulator which has a built in current limiting circuit.

The only required adjustment is the preset which has to be set to ensure the LEDs just light up (it should be left at that position). The 5mm LDR is just mounted on top of the emergency light as shown in the photograph. LDR is used to avoid it lighting up during day time or when the room lights are ON. 2 LEDs are used in series; the dropping resistance is avoided and 2 LEDs light up with current that is required for a single LED,  by which energy is saved to a great extent.

Simple Emergency Light Circuit Diagram:

This particular circuit has been kept so simple for people who has limited access to components or in other words this is an emergency light that you can build with minimum components. In addition to circuit diagram, He has shared photographs of the prototype he made in National emergency light and a PCB design.

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Police Lights associate crystal rectifier Project

This circuit uses a 555 timer that is setup to each runn in associate Astable operative mode. This generates a nonstop output via Pin three within the type of a sq. wave. once the timer's output changes to a high state this triggers the a cycle the 4017 4017 decade counter telling it to output consecutive sequent output high. The outputs of the 4017 ar connected to the LEDs turning them on and off.

Schematic

Parts List

1x - NE555 Bipolar Timer
1x - 4017 Decoded Decade
6x - 1N4148 Diode
1x - 1K Resistor (1/4W)
1x - 22K Resistor (1/4W)
2x - 4.7K Resistor (1/4W)
6x - 470 Resistor (1/4W)
1x - 2.2µF Electrolytic Capacitor (16V)
2x - BC547 NPN Transistor
2x - LED (Blue)
2x - LED (Red)
1x - 9V Voltage Battery

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Sound Activated Lights Circuit Diagram

This diy sound activated lights circuit turns a lamp ON for a short duration when the dog barks (or a relatively strong sound) giving an impression that the occupants have been alerted. The condenser microphone fitted in a place to monitor sound and generates AC signals, which pass through DC blocking capacitor C1 to the base of transistor BC549 (T1). Transistor T1 along with transistor T2 amplifies the sound signals and provides current pulses from the collector of T2. When sound is produced in front of the condenser mic, triac1 (BT136) fires, activates lights and the bulb (B1) glows for about two minutes.

Assemble the sound activated lights circuit on a general purpose PCB (circuit board) and enclose in a plastic cabinet. Power to the sound activated switch circuit can be derived from a 12V, 500mA step-down transformer with rectifier and smoothing capacitor. Solder the triac ensuring sufficient spacing between the pins to avoid short circuit. Fix the unit in the dog’s cage or close to the sound monitoring spot, with the lamp inside or outside as desired. Connect the microphone to the sount activated lights circuit using a short length of shielded wire. Enclose the microphone in a tube to increase its sensitivity.

 Sound Activated Lights Circuit Diagram

Caution. Since the sound activated lights uses 230V AC, many of its points are at AC mains voltage. It could give you lethal shock if you are not careful. So if you don’t know much about working with line voltages, do not attempt to construct this circuit. We will not be responsible for any kind of resulting loss or damage.

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Automobile White crystal rectifier lightweight Circuit Diagram

Without any dedicated buck converter/white crystal rectifier driver IC, you'll safely drive several customary Hi-efficient white crystal rectifier modules victimization the battery power out there in cars. Here may be a safe and easy white crystal rectifier driver designed for 12V cars.

In the Automobile White crystal rectifier wiring, fastened transformer IC1 (7805) provides a gentle voltage of 5V across C2. Resistors R1 limits the present flow through the white crystal rectifier D1 (3v6/350mA) with the assistance of semiconductor T1 (and T2), i.e. parts R1, T1 (and T2) offer a relentless current to D1. Use a decent sink for T1. This crystal rectifier unit offers a relentless lightweight output for input voltages starting from eight to eighteen volts!

Auto White LED Circuit Schematic

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40 LED Bicycle Light Circuit Diagram

The 555 circuit below is a flashing bicycle light powered with four C,D or AA cells (6 volts). Two sets of 20 LEDs will alternately flash at approximately 4.7 cycles per second using RC values shown (4.7K for R1, 150K for R2 and a 1uF capacitor). Time intervals for the two lamps are about 107 milliseconds (T1, upper LEDs) and 104 milliseconds (T2 lower LEDs). Two transistors are used to provide additional current beyond the 200 mA limit of the 555 timer. A single LED is placed in series with the base of the PNP transistor so that the lower 20 LEDs turn off when the 555 output goes high during the T1 time interval. The high output level of the 555 timer is 1.7 volts less than the supply voltage.

40 LED Bicycle Light Circuit Diagram

Adding the LED increases the forward voltage required for the PNP transistor to about 2.7 volts so that the 1.7 volt difference from supply to the output is insufficient to turn on the transistor. Each LED is supplied with about 20mA of current for a total of 220mA. The circuit should work with additional LEDs up to about 40 for each group, or 81 total. The circuit will also work with fewer LEDs so it could be assembled and tested with just 5 LEDs (two groups of two plus one) before adding the others.

Circuit Source: Streampowers

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LED light-weight Box

For beginners, it's their 1st project that offers them a lift. And so as to induce that, it's continuously necessary to create positive that the project that you just choose is basically helpful. One such project is that the RGB light-weight fader. this is often quite straightforward and may be done simply by a beginner. scan on to understand a lot of concerning this.

 Concerning twenty LEDs are needed here. begin by wiring all the LEDs and connecting it to a breadboard. this is often quite a tedious method and takes quite plenty of your time.

 ensuing step is to create the ability board. Quite plenty needs to be done to drive all the LEDs employing a single PWM channel. therefore to atone for this, a multiplexer IC is employed. a couple of voltage conversions is also needed in such a case.

 As mentioned earlier, one PWM is employed to regulate 3 totally different channels. The MSP430 is employed to modify between the various channels. this offers the impression that there are 3 individual channels. There is also some problems with the glint, however this might not be a show stopper downside.

 The supply code for running the circuit is kind of sophisticated . concerning twelve totally different modes are gift here and switching between the assorted modes is finished employing a single push button.

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A Handy Pen Torch Circuit Diagram

This easy to construct “Handy pen torch” electronic circuit and low component count, uses two power white LEDs for lighting. Low volt (4.8V dc) supply available from the built in rechargeable Ni-Cd battery pack is first converted into two channel (independent) constant current sources by two pieces of the renowned precision adjustable shunt regulator chip LM334 (IC1 and IC2). Around 25mA at 3.6 volt dc is available at the output of these ICs.

This regulated dc supply is used to drive two power white LEDs D4 and D6. Resistors R3 and R5 limits the output current (and hence the light output) of IC1 and IC2 circuits respectively. Besides these components, one red color LED (D2) is included in the main circuit which works as a battery charging supply input indicator. Resistor R1 limits the operating current of this LED.

Pen Torch Electronic Circuit Schematic

Diode D1 works as an input polarity guard cum reverse current flow preventer. Capacitor C1 is a simple buffer for circuit stabilization. After succesful construction, preferably on a small piece of general purpose PCB, enclose the whole circuit in a suitable and attractive pen torch cabinet. If necessary, drill suitable holes in the cabinet to attatch the dc socket, on/off switch and the input indicator etc. In prototype,commonly available 4.8 volt/500mah Ni-Cd battery pack (for cordless telephones) is used.

One very simple but reliable ac mains powered battery charger circuit for the handy pen torch is also included here. Basically the pen torch circuit is a constant current charger wired around Transistor T1 (BC636), powered by a 12v/350mA step down transformer and associated componentsD1, D2 and C1.

AC mains powered battery charger for the pen torch

Unregulated 12 volt dc available from the input power convereter circuit, comprising step down transformer(TRF), rectifier diodes (D1,D2) and filter capacitor (C1), is fed to T1 through a current limiting resistor R1. Grounded base PNP transistor T1 here works as a constant current generator. With 22 ohm resistor for R1, the charging current available at the output of the charger is near 50mA.

Red LED (D3) provides a fixed voltage reference to the base of T1, with the help of resistor R2. (During charging process, Diode D1 in the main circuit prevent reverse current flow from the battery pack when charging input supply is absent.) After construction of the pen torch circuit, fit the assembled unit inside a small plastic enclosure for safety and convenience.

Circuit Source: DIY Electronics Projects

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Temperature Candle Using LED

LED based projects require a lot of skill and hence only experienced circuit designers try out these circuits. But there are also a few circuits in this genre that can be done by amateur electronic hobbyists. The temperature candle is one such circuit. Read on to know more about this.

The hardware components that are required to build this circuit are listed below:

• Microcontroller
• Temperature Sensor
• RGB LED
• PCB

The circuit design is pretty simple. The LED is made to flicker by the microcontroller and the color is based on the ambient temperature at that point. The temperature of the room can be known by observing the color of the LED.

The temperature value is obtained in degree Celsius. This value is received as a result of pressing the reset button on the PCB. This value can also be obtained by providing power to the device. Once the device is powered up, the change in temperature is indicated. The blue LED is triggered for a temperature increase of 10 degrees. The red LED is triggered for a temperature increase of a single degree.

Suppose, the ambient temperature is 23 degrees celsius, The circuit works in such a way that the blue LED is made to blink twice and the red LED is made to blink 3 times. Soon after this, an orange colored flicker is observed as the LED goes into canfle mode.

Since through hole components are used in this circuit, it is very cheap to construct and the components can be easily soldered. The circuit also contains a jack for connecting to a Microchip Pickit 3 programmer / debugger. This reduces the complexity involved in code modification and download.

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